核苷酸(Nucleotide)是核酸(RNA和DNA)的基本構建單元。一個核苷酸由一個五碳糖分子(RNA中是核糖,DNA中是脫氧核糖)連接到一個磷酸基團和一個含氮堿基組成。DNA中使用的堿基有腺嘌呤(A)、胞嘧啶(C)、鳥嘌呤(G)和胸腺嘧啶(T)。
什么是單核苷酸變異?例如,在部分個體中,參考基因組某一位點處的 G 核苷酸可能會被 A 取代,則稱為單核苷酸變異;該 SNP 的兩種可能的核苷酸變異(G 或 A)稱為等位基因(Allel)。
??參考文獻:
[1] Wright, Alan F (September 23, 2005), 'Genetic Variation: Polymorphisms and Mutations', eLS, Wiley, doi:10.1038/npg.els.0005005, ISBN 9780470016176, S2CID 82415195
[2] 侯一平主編:《法醫物證學》: 第4版[M], 北京: 人民衛生出版社, 2016, ISBN 978-7-117-22236-5
[3] Visscher, Peter M.; Wray, Naomi R.; Zhang, Qian; Sklar, Pamela; McCarthy, Mark I.; Brown, Matthew A.; Yang, Jian (July 2017). '10 Years of GWAS Discovery: Biology, Function, and Translation'. The American Journal of Human Genetics. 101 (1): 5–22. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.06.005. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 5501872. PMID 28686856.
[4] Dong, Linda M.; Potter, John D.; White, Emily; Ulrich, Cornelia M.; Cardon, Lon R.; Peters, Ulrike (2008-05-28). 'Genetic Susceptibility to Cancer'. JAMA. 299 (20): 2423–2436. doi:10.1001/jama.299.20.2423. ISSN 0098-7484. PMC 2772197. PMID 18505952.
[5] Alkuraya, Fowzan S. (April 2010). 'Homozygosity mapping: One more tool in the clinical geneticist's toolbox'. Genetics in Medicine. 12 (4): 236–239. doi:10.1097/gim.0b013e3181ceb95d. ISSN 1098-3600. PMID 20134328. S2CID 10789932
[6] Daly, Ann K (2017-10-11). 'Pharmacogenetics: a general review on progress to date'. British Medical Bulletin. 124 (1): 65–79. doi:10.1093/bmb/ldx035. ISSN 0007-1420. PMID 29040422